The offer is the token that you are trying to purchase. It is not what you are offering to buy the item with. It is the offer from the perspective of the seller.
Just the start time of the listing. It has to be at least 15 minutes ahead of when you're trying to invoke the function, so I usually try to do at least 20 minutes.
This is the specific permissions you're allowing your site or whatever this is being used on to transfer the tokens from that wallet. This is what you see when you first list or sell an item on Openseas. NOTE: You should not use the conduitKey I have below. The one I have below is for giving permissions for ANY token, which your users will not like nor should you have in case of exploit.